Negligence – Causation. The Court of Appeal, Civil Division dismissed the appellant patient's appeal in a trial of liability against a finding that the an operation performed by a surgeon employed by the respondent NHS Trust had been performed negligently, but that the negligence had not caused the appellant pain or suffering. The court found although there had been a negligent omission of the third stage of the operation, that omission had not been intimately connected to the duty to warn.