European Union – Environment. In its judgment in Commission v Greece (EU:C:2005:592)(the judgment at issue), the Court of Justice of the European Union (the Court) upheld the action for failure to fulfil obligations brought by the European Commission, having established that Greece had failed, generally and persistently, to fulfil its waste management obligations under arts 4, 8 and 9 of Council Directive (EEC) 75/442 (on waste), by failing to adopt all the measures necessary to implement those provisions. In the present proceedings, the Court granted the declaration sought by the European Commission that by failing to adopt all the measures necessary to comply with the judgment at issue, Greece had failed to fulfil its obligations under art 260(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.